DESCRIPTION

S100A9 (S100 calcium-binding protein A9) is also named as Calgranulin-B (CAGB), CFAG and MRP14. S100A9 is a member of the S100 protein family. It is a calcium‐binding protein that was first identified as a proinflammatory mediator released by bone marrow‐derived cells in response to cell damage, infection, or inflammation. S100A9 is also involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression and inhibits the tumor immune response. S100A9 might activate the reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐ dependent signaling pathways and protect against cell death. S100A9 acts as a scaffold recruiting ubiquitin specific peptidase 10 and phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 (PGAM5) to form a tripolymer, causing the deubiquitination and stabilization of PGAM5, leading to mitochondrial fission and reactive oxygen species production, thereby promoting the growth and metastasis of HCC. The alarmins S100A8 and S100A9 are abundantly stored in neutrophils as the stable heterodimer S100A8/A9, also known as calprotectin, and are rapidly released in response to inflammatory stimuli and act as damage-associated molecular patterns.5 Neutrophils are the most important source of extracellular S100A8/A9.

PRINCIPLE OF THE ASSAY

Sandwich ELISA structure (Detection antibody labeled with HRP) A capture antibody is pre-coated onto the bottom of wells which binds to analyte of interest. A detection antibody labeled with HRP also binds to the analyte. TMB acts as the HRP substrate and the solution color will change from colorless to blue. A stop solution containing sulfuric acid turns solution yellow. The color intensity is proportional to the quantity of bound protein which is measurable at 450 nm with the correction wavelength set at 630 nm.

PRECISION

Intra-assay Precision (Precision within an assay) Three samples of known concentration were tested 8 times on one plate to assess intra-assay precision. Inter-assay Precision (Precision between assays) Three samples of known concentration were tested in 16 separate assays to assess inter-assay precision.

Intra-assay Precision

Sample	n	Mean (pg/mL)	SD	CV%
1	8	1,229.2	82.9	6.7
2	8	337.5	29.7	8.8
3	8	171.8	15.1	8.8

Inter-assay Precision

Sample	n	Mean (pg/mL)	SD	CV%
1	16	1,280.8	121.5	9.5
2	16	353.1	34.4	9.7
3	16	182.5	17.3	9.5

RECOVERY

The recovery of human S100A9 spiked to three different levels throughout the range of the assay in human serum was evaluated.

Sample Type		Average% of Expected	Range (%)
Human serum	1:2	96	91-101

LINEARITY

To assess the linearity of the assay, samples were diluted with the appropriate Sample Diluent to produce samples with values within the dynamic range of the assay.

		Human serum
1:2	Average% of Expected	100
	Range (%)	-
1:4	Average% of Expected	106
	Range (%)	104-107
1:8	Average% of Expected	81
	Range (%)	80-82
1:16	Average% of Expected	76
	Range (%)	70-82

CALIBRATION

This immunoassay is calibrated against a highly purified recombinant human S100A9 produced at Sunlong Medical™.

Ordering & shipping

• Minimum order: 1 kit
• Lead time: varies with order quantity and specifications. Please consult your local distributor or our sales team for confirmation
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• Price: USD, per kit (48T / 96T options available)